Molecular characterization of Miraflores peach variety and relatives using SSRs

Some traditional peach varieties, originated from the region of Aragón (Spain), were analysed by SSRs (simple sequence repeats). The aim of this research was to characterize 19 clones related to Miraflores variety, with unknown pedigrees, to assess their genetic diversity and to elucidate their possible relationships with 10 traditional peach varieties. Twenty SSR primer pairs with high levels of polymorphism, which have been previously developed for peach, were used in this study. A total of 46 alleles were obtained for all the microsatellites studied, ranging from one to six alleles per locus, with a mean value of 2.3 alleles per locus. Fourteen SSRs were polymorphic in the set of varieties studied and permitted to distinguish 16 different genotypes out of the 30 initially studied, although fourteen ‘Miraflores’ clones showed identical gel profiles. The genetic distance matrix was used to construct neighbor joining cluster and to perform principal coordinate analysis which allowed the arrangement of all the genotypes according to their genetic relationships. The genetic relationships among these traditional peach varieties, and in particular among ‘Miraflores’ clones are discussed. The obtained results confirm that microsatellite markers are very useful for these purpose.     

Total antioxidant activities,phenolics, anthocyanins,polyphenoloxidase activities of selected red grape cultivars and their correlations

Sixteen red grape cultivars (Md. Jean Matthias, Öküzgözü, Muscat Hamburg, Cabarnet Sauvignon, Tekirda? Çekirdeksizi, Gewürztraminer, 2B/56, Kalecik karas?, Carignan, Kokulu Siyah, Alfonse Lavallée, Bo?azkere, Adakaras?, Papazkaras?, Mourvedre and Cinsaut) which are grown in Tekirda? Viticulture Research Institute were analyzed for determination of antioxidant activities, total phenolics, anthocyanins, external colour, polyphenoloxidase activities, sugar and acidity. The lowest antioxidant activity (percentage of inhibition on peroxidation in linoleic acid system; AA) was determined in Tekirda? çekirdeksiz extracts as 87.58% and the highest AA was in Mourvedre (93.78%). Total phenolic content (TP) varied from 817 to 3062 μg/ml GAE in the same varieties, respectively. The total anthocyanin (TA) content ranged from 40.3 to 990.8 mg/l fresh weight. The lowest PPO activity was found in Bo?azkere and the highest was in Kalecik karas?. The total sugar content in the analyzed varieties varied between 13.29 and 24.46%. There was stronger correlation between AA and TP than AA and TA.     

青藏高原东北部农牧交错区气候变化及其对草场植被的影响

利用青藏高原东北部12个地面气象站1961-2000年的降水、气温资料，分析了区域内近40a来气候的交化及其对牧草的影响。结果表明，青藏高原东北部农牧交错区从20世纪80年代末开始有明显的暖干化趋势，受气候暖干化，以及超载过牧、草地鼠虫害、滥挖乱垦等因素共同影响，区域内牧草产量下降，牧草群体结构平均密度明显减少，导致草场植被稀琉，草场退化现象B趋严重。     

小麦品种(系)抗麦红吸浆虫鉴定及利用

2004-2006年利用一套较完整的田间抗性鉴定方法,对425份生产推广品种(审定品种)、区试品种及品种资源进行了抗麦红吸浆虫鉴定。结果表明,不同小麦品种(系)对麦红吸浆虫的抗性差异显著,高抗品种(系)有56份,占供鉴品种的13.18%、中抗品种54份,占12.71%、低抗品种99份,占23.29%。在近年已审定品种中,石7221、良星99、1457、衡71-3、中麦9、石新822、石家庄11号等7个小麦品种对麦红吸浆虫均表现出稳定的抗性。     

辣椒上烟草轻型绿花叶病毒的鉴定

 辣椒源自南美洲，属于茄科辣椒属（Capsicum L.），为重要经济作物。病毒病是影响辣椒生产的主要病害，侵染辣椒的病毒有40余种［1］，烟草轻型绿花叶病毒（Tobacco mild green mosaic virus, TMGMV）是近年来在辣椒上发生和危害报道较多的病毒之一。TMGMV是McKinney［2］于1935年在烟草属植物（Nicotiana gluanca）上首次发现的，为烟草花叶病毒属（Tobamovirus）成员。除辣椒外，番茄［3］、凤仙花、蓝眼菊和矮牵牛也是TMGMV的自然寄主。     

烤烟和作物轮间作提高烟叶品质的研究现状

烤烟是我国重要的经济作物，但栽培过程中存在连作障碍。烟田连作导致病害增加，影响烟叶和轮间作作物的品质，进一步影响农田产出，另一方面，连作障碍导致烤烟种植土地匮乏。生产实践发现通过与其他作物轮间作可以改善烤烟连作障碍。本文从作物-土壤-微生物组成的根际微生态系统的视角，综述了烤烟与不同作物轮间作的现状以及轮间作后的土壤生物学性状变化，分析了不同轮间作模式下土壤理化性质和根际微生物群落的变化，特别是烤烟产量和烟叶内在品质的变化，对于烤烟与作物的轮间作机制进行了总结和展望，为烤烟轮间作种植模式提供了科学依据。     

烟草赤星病不同菌株致病力差异的研究

本试验研究结果表明：采用离体叶片鉴定品种抗病性时点滴法优于喷雾法．从来源不同的１１个烟草赤星病菌株中筛选出致病力最强的Ａ４菌株，鉴别出几个烟草品种抗病性由强到弱的顺位为净叶黄＞晒烟９号＞风林一号＞Ｇ８０＞Ｎｃ８９＞Ｋ３２６．提出了烟草赤星病菌存在生理小种的可能性     

国家甜菜区试品种在甘肃河西走廊丰产与稳定性及抗病性评价

用品种稳定性参数及高稳系数（HSC），对2004～2005年参加国家甜菜区试中的5个品种在甘肃武威市黄羊镇和酒泉地区的试验结果进行了综合分析，结果表明：BTS356的丰产、稳产性好．两年平均根产量和产糖量分别较对照陇糖2号增产40．62％和39．94％，差异达极显著水平，含糖率18．73％；对黄化病、白粉病、立枯病的抗性优于对照，具有较高的应用价值，适宜在甘肃省河西走廊生态条件下推广种植。     

吉林省菜豆地方品种资源研究及利用现状

吉林省气候寒冷,菜豆资源丰富。其中的油豆、花皮类型品种资源栽培区域性强,其荚宽、肉厚,呈宽刀形,荚宽可达2.5cm。荚色以绿色、花色为主,绿色荚品种占76%,花皮品种占22%。种皮色以花色为主,占资源总数的62%,种子粒大,千粒重最高达700g。且品种名称生动、形象,具有地方特色。